Every lesson in the library

The full table of contents for Math, Science, English and Social Studies. Every lesson listed here has its own animated video, hands-on practice, and a quiz.

There are no grade labels on purpose. Your child can search any topic and open it, whether it sits above or below the grade they're enrolled in — so a seventh grader who never got a firm grip on fractions can go back for it, and one who's ready to move on isn't held back.

Math

Ratios and Proportional Relationships

  • Introduction: Ratios and Proportional Relationships
  • Understanding Ratios and Ratio Language
  • Writing Ratios in Different Forms
  • Understanding Unit Rates
  • Using Rate Language in Real-World Contexts
  • Making Tables of Equivalent Ratios
  • Finding Missing Values in Ratio Tables
  • Plotting Equivalent Ratios on the Coordinate Plane
  • Comparing Ratios Using Tables
  • Solving Unit Pricing Problems
  • Solving Constant Speed Problems
  • Using Tape Diagrams and Double Number Lines to Solve Ratio Problems
  • Understanding Percent as a Rate per 100
  • Finding a Percent of a Quantity
  • Finding the Whole Given a Part and a Percent
  • Converting Measurement Units with Ratio Reasoning, Part 1
  • Converting Measurement Units with Ratio Reasoning, Part 2
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Ratios and Proportional Relationships
  • Computing Unit Rates with Whole Numbers
  • Computing Unit Rates with Fractions
  • Unit Rates with Different Units (Lengths, Areas)
  • Recognizing Proportional Relationships
  • Testing for Proportional Relationships Using Tables
  • Testing for Proportional Relationships Using Graphs
  • Finding the Constant of Proportionality in Tables and Diagrams
  • Finding the Constant of Proportionality in Graphs and Verbal Descriptions
  • Writing Equations for Proportional Relationships
  • Interpreting Points on a Proportional Graph
  • Meaning of (0, 0) and (1, r) on a Proportional Graph
  • Solving Multistep Ratio Problems
  • Solving Percent Problems: Tax, Tip, and Discount
  • Solving Percent Problems: Percent Increase and Decrease

The Number System

  • Introduction: The Number System
  • Understanding Division of Fractions with Visual Models
  • Computing Quotients of Fractions
  • Word Problems: Dividing Fractions by Fractions
  • Dividing Multi-Digit Whole Numbers Using the Standard Algorithm
  • Adding and Subtracting Multi-Digit Decimals
  • Multiplying Multi-Digit Decimals
  • Dividing Multi-Digit Decimals
  • Finding the Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
  • Finding the Least Common Multiple (LCM)
  • Using the Distributive Property with Common Factors
  • Positive and Negative Numbers in the Real World
  • Opposites and the Opposite of an Opposite
  • Plotting Rational Numbers on a Number Line
  • Ordered Pairs and the Four Quadrants
  • Reflections Across the Axes in the Coordinate Plane
  • Plotting Rational Numbers in the Coordinate Plane
  • Comparing Rational Numbers on a Number Line
  • Writing and Interpreting Inequalities in Real-World Contexts
  • Understanding Absolute Value as Distance from Zero
  • Distinguishing Absolute Value from Order
  • Graphing Points and Solving Problems in Four Quadrants
  • Finding Distances Between Points Using Coordinates
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Number System
  • Opposite Quantities That Combine to Make Zero
  • Adding Rational Numbers on a Number Line
  • Additive Inverses: A Number Plus Its Opposite
  • Adding Rational Numbers in Real-World Contexts
  • Subtraction as Adding the Additive Inverse
  • Distance Between Two Rational Numbers
  • Properties of Operations for Addition and Subtraction
  • Multiplying Signed Numbers Using the Distributive Property
  • Rules for Multiplying Rational Numbers, Part 1
  • Rules for Multiplying Rational Numbers, Part 2
  • Dividing Integers and Signed Quotients
  • Interpreting Quotients in Real-World Contexts
  • Properties of Operations for Multiplication and Division
  • Multiplying and Dividing All Rational Numbers
  • Converting Rational Numbers to Decimals with Long Division
  • Terminating and Repeating Decimals
  • Solving Real-World Problems with Rational Numbers, Part 1
  • Solving Real-World Problems with Rational Numbers, Part 2
  • Rational Numbers and Their Decimal Expansions
  • Showing That Rational Numbers Have Repeating Decimals
  • What Are Irrational Numbers?
  • Converting Terminating Decimals to Fractions
  • Converting Repeating Decimals to Fractions, Part 1
  • Converting Repeating Decimals to Fractions, Part 2
  • Approximating Irrational Numbers with Rationals
  • Estimating Square Roots Between Two Integers
  • Refining Estimates of Irrational Numbers to the Tenths
  • Comparing the Size of Irrational Numbers
  • Locating Irrational Numbers on a Number Line
  • Estimating the Value of Expressions with Irrationals

Expressions and Equations

  • Introduction: Expressions and Equations
  • Understanding and Writing Exponents
  • Evaluating Numerical Expressions with Exponents
  • Writing Algebraic Expressions from Words
  • Parts of an Expression: Terms, Factors, and Coefficients
  • Order of Operations with Whole Numbers
  • Evaluating Algebraic Expressions at Given Values
  • Evaluating Expressions from Real-World Formulas
  • Using Properties to Generate Equivalent Expressions
  • Combining Like Terms and the Distributive Property
  • Identifying Equivalent Expressions
  • What Is a Solution? Checking with Substitution
  • Using Variables to Represent Unknowns in Problems
  • Solving Equations of the Form x + p = q
  • Solving Equations of the Form px = q
  • Writing Inequalities for Real-World Constraints
  • Graphing Inequalities on a Number Line
  • Independent and Dependent Variables
  • Equations, Tables, and Graphs of Two-Variable Relationships
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Expressions and Equations
  • Adding Linear Expressions with Rational Coefficients
  • Subtracting Linear Expressions with Rational Coefficients
  • Expanding Linear Expressions Using the Distributive Property
  • Factoring Linear Expressions
  • Rewriting Expressions to Reveal Meaning in Context
  • Solving Multi-Step Problems with Rational Numbers
  • Estimation and Assessing Reasonableness of Answers
  • Writing Equations from Word Problems
  • Solving Equations of the Form px + q = r
  • Solving Equations of the Form p(x + q) = r
  • Comparing Algebraic and Arithmetic Solution Approaches
  • Writing Inequalities from Word Problems
  • Solving and Graphing Inequalities of the Form px + q > r or px + q < r
  • Interpreting Inequality Solutions in Context
  • Properties of Integer Exponents: Product and Quotient Rules
  • Properties of Integer Exponents: Power of a Power and Negative Exponents
  • Square Roots and Solving x² = p
  • Cube Roots and Solving x³ = p
  • Irrational Numbers: Why √2 is Irrational
  • Estimating Large and Small Quantities with Powers of 10
  • Comparing Quantities: How Many Times as Much
  • Adding and Subtracting in Scientific Notation
  • Multiplying and Dividing in Scientific Notation
  • Choosing Appropriate Units and Interpreting Technology Output
  • Graphing Proportional Relationships and Unit Rate as Slope
  • Comparing Proportional Relationships in Different Forms
  • Using Similar Triangles to Understand Slope
  • Deriving y = mx and y = mx + b
  • Solving Linear Equations with Rational Coefficients
  • Solving Equations Using the Distributive Property and Like Terms
  • One Solution, No Solution, or Infinitely Many Solutions
  • Systems of Equations: Solutions as Points of Intersection
  • Solving Systems by Graphing
  • Solving Systems by Substitution
  • Solving Systems by Elimination
  • Real-World Problems with Systems of Equations

Geometry

  • Introduction: Geometry
  • Area of Right Triangles
  • Area of Any Triangle by Decomposing
  • Area of Parallelograms and Trapezoids
  • Area of Polygons by Composing and Decomposing
  • Real-World Area Problems
  • Volume with Unit Fraction Cubes
  • Volume of Rectangular Prisms with Fractional Edges
  • Applying V = lwh and V = bh to Real-World Problems
  • Drawing Polygons in the Coordinate Plane
  • Finding Side Lengths Using Coordinates
  • Solving Real-World Problems on the Coordinate Plane
  • Nets of Three-Dimensional Figures
  • Surface Area Using Nets, Part 1: Prisms
  • Surface Area Using Nets, Part 2: Pyramids and Real-World Problems
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Geometry
  • Understanding Scale Drawings and Scale Factors
  • Computing Actual Lengths from Scale Drawings
  • Computing Actual Areas from Scale Drawings
  • Reproducing a Scale Drawing at a Different Scale
  • Drawing Triangles from Given Side Lengths
  • Drawing Triangles from Given Angle Measures
  • Unique Triangles, Many Triangles, or No Triangle
  • Slicing Right Rectangular Prisms
  • Slicing Right Rectangular Pyramids
  • Circumference of a Circle
  • Area of a Circle
  • Relating Circumference and Area of a Circle
  • Complementary and Supplementary Angles
  • Vertical and Adjacent Angles
  • Writing and Solving Equations for Unknown Angles
  • Area of Composite Two-Dimensional Figures
  • Volume of Right Prisms
  • Surface Area of Cubes and Right Prisms
  • Real-World Problems with Area, Volume, and Surface Area
  • Exploring Translations
  • Exploring Reflections
  • Exploring Rotations
  • Properties Preserved by Transformations: Parallel Lines
  • Transformations on the Coordinate Plane
  • Congruence Through Sequences of Transformations
  • Describing Sequences That Show Congruence
  • Dilations and Scale Factor
  • Similarity Through Sequences of Transformations
  • Angle Sum and Exterior Angles of Triangles
  • Angles Formed by Parallel Lines and a Transversal
  • Angle-Angle Criterion for Similar Triangles
  • Proving the Pythagorean Theorem
  • The Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem
  • Pythagorean Theorem: Finding Unknown Side Lengths
  • Pythagorean Theorem in Three Dimensions
  • Distance Between Two Points on the Coordinate Plane
  • Volume of Cylinders
  • Volume of Cones
  • Volume of Spheres

Statistics and Probability

  • Introduction: Statistics and Probability
  • What Makes a Question Statistical?
  • Describing Data Distributions: Center, Spread, and Shape
  • Measures of Center vs. Measures of Variation
  • Displaying Data with Dot Plots
  • Displaying Data with Histograms
  • Displaying Data with Box Plots
  • Finding the Mean of a Data Set
  • Finding the Median of a Data Set
  • Calculating Interquartile Range (IQR)
  • Calculating Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
  • Reporting Observations and Describing the Attribute Measured
  • Describing Patterns and Outliers in Context
  • Choosing the Right Measure Based on Data Shape
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Statistics and Probability
  • Populations, Samples, and Representative Sampling
  • Why Random Sampling Works
  • Drawing Inferences from a Random Sample
  • Variation Across Multiple Samples
  • Comparing Two Data Distributions Visually
  • Measuring Differences Between Centers Using Variability
  • Comparing Two Populations Using Measures of Center and Spread
  • Understanding Probability as a Number Between 0 and 1
  • Estimating Probability from Long-Run Relative Frequency
  • Predicting Frequencies from Known Probabilities
  • Building a Uniform Probability Model
  • Building a Non-Uniform Probability Model from Data
  • Comparing Model Probabilities to Observed Frequencies
  • Compound Events and Sample Spaces
  • Representing Sample Spaces with Lists, Tables, and Tree Diagrams
  • Finding Probabilities of Compound Events
  • Designing Simulations for Compound Events
  • Constructing Scatter Plots from Bivariate Data
  • Identifying Positive, Negative, and No Association
  • Linear vs. Nonlinear Association in Scatter Plots
  • Spotting Clusters and Outliers in Scatter Plots
  • Informally Fitting a Straight Line to Data
  • Assessing the Fit of a Linear Model
  • Writing the Equation of a Line of Best Fit
  • Interpreting Slope in a Linear Model, Part 1
  • Interpreting the y-Intercept in a Linear Model, Part 2
  • Using Linear Models to Make Predictions
  • Constructing Two-Way Frequency Tables
  • Calculating Relative Frequencies in Two-Way Tables
  • Using Relative Frequencies to Describe Association

Functions

  • Introduction: Functions
  • What Is a Function? Inputs and Outputs
  • Identifying Functions from Tables and Mappings
  • Graphs of Functions and the Vertical Line Test
  • Linear Functions and y = mx + b
  • Recognizing Nonlinear Functions
  • Comparing Functions in Different Representations, Part 1
  • Comparing Functions in Different Representations, Part 2
  • Finding Rate of Change from Two Points
  • Finding Initial Value from a Table or Graph
  • Constructing Linear Function Models from Word Problems
  • Interpreting Slope and Intercept in Context
  • Analyzing Graphs: Increasing, Decreasing, Linear, Nonlinear
  • Sketching Graphs from Verbal Descriptions
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Functions

Science

Structure, Function, and Information Processing

  • Introduction: Structure, Function, and Information Processing
  • Investigating Pond Water: Evidence That Living Things Are Made of Cells
  • Modeling a Cell: How Organelles Work Together to Keep the Cell Alive
  • Arguing How the Body's Subsystems Interact When You Sprint Up the Stairs
  • Tracing the Signal: How Sensory Receptors Send Messages to the Brain When You Touch a Hot Pan
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Structure, Function, and Information Processing

Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Organisms

  • Introduction: Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Organisms
  • Arguing How Peacock Displays and Flower Petals Boost Reproductive Success
  • Explaining Why Tomato Plants in the Same Garden Grow to Different Sizes
  • Modeling Why Strawberry Runners Produce Clones but Seeds Produce Variety
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Organisms

Energy Transfer and Weather

  • Introduction: Energy Transfer and Weather
  • Investigating Why Sand and Water Heat Up Differently in the Sun
  • Arguing How a Falling Meteor Heats Up: Tracking Kinetic Energy Changes
  • Designing and Iterating a Thermos to Keep Cocoa Hot on a Cold Day
  • Comparing Insulator Prototypes to Engineer a Better Cooler
  • Modeling How a Puddle Disappears: The Sun-Driven Water Cycle
  • Collecting Weather Data to Explain a Sudden Thunderstorm from Colliding Air Masses
  • Modeling Why Deserts and Rainforests Sit Where They Do: Global Circulation Patterns
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Energy Transfer and Weather

Earth's Resources and Human Impacts

  • Introduction: Earth's Resources and Human Impacts
  • Questioning the Causes Behind a Century of Rising Global Temperatures
  • Defining Criteria and Constraints for Reducing a Local Pollution Source
  • Designing and Evaluating Monitoring Methods to Minimize Human Impact on a Watershed
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Earth's Resources and Human Impacts

Structure and Properties of Matter

  • Introduction: Structure and Properties of Matter
  • Modeling the Hidden Atoms Inside Water, Salt, and Diamond
  • Investigating Rust, Bubbles, and Color Change: Did a Chemical Reaction Happen?
  • Tracing Nylon and Plastic Bottles Back to Natural Resources
  • Modeling Why an Ice Cube Melts and a Puddle Disappears
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Structure and Properties of Matter

Chemical Reactions

  • Introduction: Chemical Reactions
  • Modeling Why a Sealed Bag of Baking Soda and Vinegar Keeps Its Mass
  • Designing and Iterating a Hand Warmer That Releases Thermal Energy
  • Comparing Cold Pack Prototypes to Combine the Best Features into a New Design
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Chemical Reactions

Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems

  • Introduction: Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems
  • Explaining Why a Sealed Terrarium Plant Gains Mass from Air and Sunlight
  • Modeling How a Bowl of Cereal Becomes Muscle, Motion, and Body Heat
  • Modeling the Journey of Carbon Atoms Through a Forest Ecosystem
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

  • Introduction: Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics
  • Investigating Why Deer Populations Crash When Food Runs Low
  • Explaining Why Clownfish and Anemones Always Live Together
  • Arguing How the Return of Wolves Reshaped Yellowstone
  • Evaluating Designs to Save Pollinators and Protect Our Food Supply
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

Earth's Systems

  • Introduction: Earth's Systems
  • Modeling the Rock Cycle: Tracing a Pebble's Journey Through Earth's Spheres
  • Explaining the Grand Canyon: How Geoscience Processes Reshape Earth's Surface Over Time
  • Investigating Matching Fossils Across Oceans: Evidence for Moving Continents
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Earth's Systems

Earth and Human Activity

  • Introduction: Earth and Human Activity
  • Explaining Why Copper Mines and Oil Fields Cluster in Certain Places
  • Forecasting the Next Big One: Analyzing Earthquake and Hurricane Data to Design Mitigation Technologies
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Earth and Human Activity
  • Arguing from Evidence: How a Growing City's Water Demand Strains Local Aquifers
  • Defining the Problem: Designing a Solution to Reduce Plastic Waste in a School Cafeteria
  • Evaluating Competing Designs: Comparing Renewable Energy Solutions for a Community Facing Resource Shortages

Forces and Interactions

  • Introduction: Forces and Interactions
  • Designing a Bumper to Survive a Collision
  • Investigating How Force and Mass Change a Cart's Motion
  • Questioning Data: What Makes Electromagnets Stronger?
  • Arguing from Evidence: Why Do Objects Fall Toward Earth?
  • Investigating Invisible Fields Between Magnets
  • Modeling and Iterating a Magnetic Levitation Device
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Forces and Interactions

Energy

  • Introduction: Energy
  • Graphing Crash Test Data: How Mass and Speed Change a Car's Kinetic Energy
  • Modeling the Pull of Magnets and Falling Objects: Stored Energy in Interacting Systems
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Energy

Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation

  • Introduction: Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation
  • Modeling Why Tsunami Waves Carry Devastating Energy: Amplitude and Energy Relationships
  • Investigating Why You Can See Through Glass but Not Through a Mirror: Reflection, Absorption, and Transmission
  • Arguing Why Your Streaming Video Looks Clearer Than Old TV Broadcasts: Digital vs. Analog Signals
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation

Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

  • Introduction: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits
  • Modeling How a Single Gene Mutation Changes a Cat's Fur Color
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity

  • Introduction: Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity
  • Investigating Rock Layers: Reading the Fossil Record of Ancient Life
  • Comparing Whale Flippers and Bat Wings: Inferring Evolutionary Relationships from Anatomy
  • Why Do Chicken and Fish Embryos Look Alike? Analyzing Embryological Patterns
  • Explaining the Peppered Moth: How Trait Variation Drives Survival
  • From Wolves to Chihuahuas: Investigating Technologies That Shape Inherited Traits
  • Modeling Beak Size Over Generations: Math Representations of Natural Selection
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity

Space Systems

  • Introduction: Space Systems
  • Modeling Why We See Moon Phases, Eclipses, and Seasons
  • Modeling How Gravity Shapes Orbits in Our Solar System and Galaxy
  • Investigating the Scale of Planets and Distances in the Solar System
  • Explaining Earth's 4.6-Billion-Year History Using Rock Strata
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Space Systems

English

Reading Literature

  • Introduction: Reading Literature
  • Citing Textual Evidence and Making Inferences
  • Determining Theme and Summarizing
  • Analyzing Plot and Character Development
  • Figurative and Connotative Word Meanings
  • Analyzing Text Structure
  • Developing Point of View
  • Comparing Reading to Audio, Video, or Live Versions
  • Comparing Themes Across Genres
  • Reading Grade-Level Literature with Independence
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Reading Literature
  • Determining Theme and Writing Objective Summaries
  • Analyzing How Story Elements Interact
  • Figurative and Connotative Meaning; Sound Devices
  • Analyzing Form and Structure in Drama and Poetry
  • Comparing and Contrasting Points of View
  • Comparing Texts to Their Audio, Film, or Staged Versions
  • Comparing Fictional and Historical Accounts
  • Reading Complex Literature with Confidence
  • Citing Strong Textual Evidence
  • Analyzing Dialogue and Incidents in Stories
  • Comparing the Structure of Texts
  • Point of View, Dramatic Irony, Suspense, and Humor
  • Evaluating Filmed or Live Productions of Stories
  • Modern Fiction and Its Roots in Myths and Traditional Stories
  • Reading Complex Literature Independently

Reading Informational Text

  • Introduction: Reading Informational Text
  • Citing Textual Evidence and Making Inferences
  • Determining Central Idea and Summarizing
  • Analyzing How Key Ideas Are Developed
  • Figurative, Connotative, and Technical Word Meanings
  • Analyzing Text Structure
  • Determining Author's Point of View and Purpose
  • Integrating Information from Different Media and Formats
  • Tracing and Evaluating Arguments and Claims
  • Comparing Two Authors' Presentations of the Same Topic
  • Reading Literary Nonfiction with Confidence
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Reading Informational Text
  • Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis and Inferences
  • Determining Central Ideas and Writing Objective Summaries
  • Analyzing Interactions Between Individuals, Events, and Ideas
  • Determining Word Meaning and Analyzing Word Choice
  • Analyzing Text Structure and How Sections Contribute to the Whole
  • Comparing Texts to Audio, Video, and Multimedia Versions
  • Comparing How Different Authors Present the Same Topic
  • Reading and Comprehending Grade-Level Literary Nonfiction
  • Citing the Strongest Textual Evidence
  • Determining Central Idea and Writing Objective Summaries
  • Analyzing Connections Between Individuals, Ideas, and Events
  • Word Meaning: Figurative, Connotative, and Technical Language
  • Analyzing Paragraph Structure and the Role of Sentences
  • Author's Point of View and Response to Conflicting Viewpoints
  • Evaluating Different Mediums for Presenting Information
  • Delineating and Evaluating Arguments and Claims
  • Analyzing Conflicting Information Across Texts
  • Reading Complex Literary Nonfiction Independently

Writing

  • Introduction: Writing
  • Writing Arguments to Support Claims
  • Writing Informative/Explanatory Texts
  • Writing Narratives
  • Producing Clear and Coherent Writing
  • Planning, Revising, and Editing Your Writing
  • Using Technology to Produce and Publish Writing
  • Conducting Short Research Projects
  • Gathering Information and Assessing Source Credibility
  • Drawing Evidence from Literary and Informational Texts
  • Writing Routinely for a Range of Tasks
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Writing
  • Writing Arguments with Claims and Evidence
  • Writing Informative and Explanatory Texts
  • Using Technology to Publish and Collaborate
  • Gathering and Citing Credible Sources
  • Writing Routinely for Different Tasks and Audiences
  • Writing Arguments
  • Planning, Revising, and Editing
  • Drawing Evidence from Texts to Support Analysis
  • Writing Routinely for Various Tasks and Audiences

Speaking and Listening

  • Introduction: Speaking and Listening
  • Engaging in Collaborative Discussions
  • Interpreting Information in Diverse Media and Formats
  • Delineating a Speaker's Argument and Claims
  • Presenting Claims and Findings Clearly
  • Using Multimedia and Visual Displays in Presentations
  • Adapting Speech to Context and Task
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Speaking and Listening
  • Engaging Effectively in Collaborative Discussions
  • Analyzing Main Ideas in Diverse Media and Formats
  • Evaluating a Speaker's Argument and Evidence
  • Analyzing Information in Diverse Media
  • Integrating Multimedia into Presentations

Language

  • Introduction: Language
  • Pronoun Mastery: Case, Intensive Pronouns, Shifts, and Vague References
  • Punctuating Nonrestrictive Elements and Spelling Correctly
  • Varying Sentence Patterns and Maintaining Style and Tone
  • Strategies for Unlocking Unknown Words: Context, Roots, and References
  • Figurative Language, Word Relationships, and Connotation
  • Building and Using Academic Vocabulary
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Language
  • Phrases, Clauses, and Sentence Types
  • Commas with Coordinate Adjectives and Spelling
  • Precise and Concise Language: Cutting Wordiness
  • Using Context Clues, Roots, and Reference Tools
  • Building Academic and Domain-Specific Vocabulary
  • Verbals, Voice, and Mood
  • Using Voice and Mood for Effect
  • Punctuation for Pause, Break, and Omission
  • Context Clues, Roots, and Reference Tools

Reading in the Disciplines (Grades 6-8)

  • Introduction: Reading in the Disciplines (Grades 6-8)
  • Citing Textual Evidence in History and Science Texts
  • Determining Central Ideas and Summarizing Sources
  • Following Processes and Procedures in Texts
  • Understanding Domain-Specific Vocabulary and Symbols
  • Analyzing Text Structure in Disciplinary Texts
  • Identifying Author's Point of View and Purpose
  • Integrating Visual and Quantitative Information with Text
  • Distinguishing Fact, Opinion, Reasoned Judgment, and Speculation
  • Comparing Primary and Secondary Sources and Multimedia
  • Reading Grade-Level History and Science Texts Independently
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Reading in the Disciplines (Grades 6-8)
  • Introduction: Reading in the Disciplines
  • Domain-Specific Vocabulary in History and Science
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Reading in the Disciplines
  • Comparing Primary and Secondary Sources in History
  • Comparing Texts with Experiments, Simulations, and Media in Science
  • Reading Complex History and Science Texts Independently

Writing in the Disciplines (Grades 6-8)

  • Introduction: Writing in the Disciplines (Grades 6-8)
  • Writing Arguments in the Disciplines
  • Writing Informative/Explanatory Texts in the Disciplines
  • Producing Clear and Coherent Discipline-Specific Writing
  • Planning, Revising, and Strengthening Your Writing
  • Using Technology to Produce and Publish Writing
  • Conducting Short Research Projects
  • Gathering Sources, Assessing Credibility, and Citing
  • Drawing Evidence from Informational Texts
  • Writing Routinely: Long and Short Time Frames
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Writing in the Disciplines (Grades 6-8)
  • Writing Routinely Across Disciplines
  • Gathering Sources, Evaluating Credibility, and Citing Evidence
  • Writing Routinely for Discipline-Specific Tasks

Social Studies

Early Humans and the Rise of Civilization

  • Introduction: Early Humans and the Rise of Civilization
  • How Early Humans Survived: Tools, Fire, and the Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life
  • Spreading Across the Earth: How Humans Adapted to Every Environment
  • From Wild to Tame: How Climate Change and Human Ingenuity Sparked the Agricultural Revolution
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Early Humans and the Rise of Civilization

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush

  • Introduction: Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush
  • Rivers, Land, and the Rise of the First Civilizations
  • Gods, Kings, and Order: Religion and Power in Mesopotamia and Egypt
  • From Pictures to Words: How Writing Shaped the Ancient World
  • Building an Empire: Egyptian Art, Architecture, and Trade
  • Rulers Who Changed Egypt: Hatshepsut, Ramses, and the Kingdom of Kush
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush

The Ancient Hebrews and Judaism

  • Introduction: The Ancient Hebrews and Judaism
  • One God, One Law: The Origins and Beliefs of Judaism
  • From Abraham to David: The People Who Shaped a Religion
  • The Exodus: A Journey That Changed History
  • Scattered but Surviving: How Judaism Endured After the Fall of the Temple
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Ancient Hebrews and Judaism

Ancient Greece

  • Introduction: Ancient Greece
  • Sea, Land, and City-States: How Geography Shaped Ancient Greece
  • From Tyrants to Citizens: The Birth of Democracy in Athens
  • Gods, Heroes, and Storytellers: Greek Mythology and Literature
  • Athens vs. Sparta: Two Ways of Life and Two Wars
  • Alexander the Great: Conquest and the Spread of Greek Culture
  • Thinkers, Artists, and Scientists: Greece's Enduring Legacy
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Ancient Greece

Ancient India

  • Introduction: Ancient India
  • Where Civilization Began: India's Rivers and Physical Geography
  • Arrivals and Upheaval: The Aryan Invasions and Their Impact
  • From Brahmanism to Hinduism: Beliefs, Rituals, and the Caste System
  • The Buddha's Journey: Life, Teachings, and the Spread of Buddhism
  • Empire and Moral Leadership: The Maurya Empire and Asoka
  • India's Legacy to the World: Literature, Science, and Mathematics
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Ancient India

Early China

  • Introduction: Early China
  • Where Chinese Civilization Began: The Huang-He Valley and the Shang Dynasty
  • Confucius, Daoism, and the Search for Order in a Troubled Age
  • How Shi Huangdi United China: The Rise of the Qin Dynasty
  • The Han Dynasty: Building an Empire and Spreading Ideas
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Early China

Ancient Rome

  • Introduction: Ancient Rome
  • From Seven Hills to a Republic: The Origins and Rise of Rome
  • Roads, Legions, and Denarii: How Rome Built and Ruled an Empire
  • Faith in the Roman World: Judaism, Christianity, and the Spread of a New Religion
  • What Did Rome Leave Behind? Art, Architecture, Language, and Law
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Ancient Rome

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

  • Introduction: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
  • Rome at Its Peak: Strengths, Citizenship, and the Borders of an Empire
  • From One Empire to Two: Constantine, Constantinople, and the Birth of Byzantium
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

The Rise of Islam

  • Introduction: The Rise of Islam
  • Desert, Sea, and City: The World of the Arabian Peninsula
  • The Birth of Islam: Muhammad, the Qur'an, and the Connections to Judaism and Christianity
  • How Islam Spread: Conquests, Treaties, and a Blending of Cultures
  • Trade Routes, Growing Cities, and the Role of Merchants in the Islamic World
  • Scholars, Scientists, and Big Ideas: Islam's Contributions to World Knowledge
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Rise of Islam

Imperial China in the Middle Ages

  • Introduction: Imperial China in the Middle Ages
  • From Chaos to Unity: How the Tang Dynasty Reunified China and Spread Buddhism
  • Innovation and Prosperity: Agriculture, Technology, and Trade in Tang and Song China
  • Ideas That Shaped an Empire: Confucianism, Scholar-Officials, and the Imperial State
  • Connecting the World: Silk Roads, Sea Routes, and China's Global Reach
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Imperial China in the Middle Ages

The West African Kingdoms of Ghana and Mali

  • Introduction: The West African Kingdoms of Ghana and Mali
  • Rivers, Deserts, and Forests: How Geography Shaped West African Trade
  • Families, Markets, and Cities: How West African Societies Were Built
  • Gold, Salt, and Camels: How the Trans-Saharan Trade Changed West Africa
  • Spoken Words and Written Records: How West Africans Preserved Their History
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The West African Kingdoms of Ghana and Mali

Medieval Japan

  • Introduction: Medieval Japan
  • How China and Korea Shaped Japan
  • Prince Shotoku and the Birth of Japanese Civilization
  • The Golden Age: Literature, Art, and Drama in Heian Japan
  • From Court to Battlefield: The Rise of the Samurai and Military Society
  • Shoguns, Daimyo, and the Warrior Code That Shaped Japan
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Medieval Japan

Medieval Europe

  • Introduction: Medieval Europe
  • Land, Climate, and Life: The Geography of Medieval Europe
  • From Roman Ruins to Feudal Kingdoms: Power, Land, and Society in Medieval Europe
  • The Church as the Center of Medieval Life: Faith, Power, and Knowledge
  • Holy War and Cultural Exchange: The Crusades and Their Aftermath
  • From Magna Carta to Parliament: How Medieval England Shaped Democracy
  • The Black Death: How a Plague Reshaped the Medieval World
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Medieval Europe

The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

  • Introduction: The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations
  • Lands of Mountains, Jungles, and Deserts: How Geography Shaped Three Civilizations
  • Rise of Empires: How the Maya, Aztec, and Inca Built Their Worlds
  • Power, Class, and Daily Life: Society and Religion in the Maya, Aztec, and Inca
  • Temples, Calendars, and Codices: Arts, Architecture, and Scientific Achievement
  • Conquest and Collapse: Why Did the Aztec and Inca Empires Fall to the Spanish?
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

The Renaissance

  • Introduction: The Renaissance
  • From Medieval to Modern: How Humanism Changed the Way People Thought
  • Florence, Venice, and the City-States That Sparked a Revolution
  • The Printing Press and the Power of Information
  • Renaissance Minds: Art, Science, and the People Who Changed Everything
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Renaissance

The Reformation

  • Introduction: The Reformation
  • Why Did the Medieval Catholic Church Begin to Crack?
  • Luther, Calvin, and the Reformers: What Did They Believe and Why Did It Matter?
  • A Continent Divided: How the Reformation Split Europe and the New World
  • The Catholic Response: How the Church Fought Back and Rebuilt
  • Spain's Golden Age and Its End: Jews, Muslims, and the Inquisition
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Reformation

The Scientific Revolution

  • Introduction: The Scientific Revolution
  • Where Did the Scientific Revolution Come From? Tracing Its Roots
  • New Theories, New Tools: How Scientists Rewrote Our Understanding of the Universe
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Scientific Revolution

Exploration, the Enlightenment, and the Age of Reason

  • Introduction: Exploration, the Enlightenment, and the Age of Reason
  • Setting Sail: The Great Voyages of Discovery and the Maps That Changed the World
  • Worlds Collide: The Columbian Exchange and Its Effects on Four Continents
  • Money, Markets, and Merchants: The Rise of Capitalism and Global Trade
  • Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: How the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution Sparked the Enlightenment
  • From Magna Carta to Declaration of Independence: How Enlightenment Ideas Shaped Democracy
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Exploration, the Enlightenment, and the Age of Reason

Revolution and the Founding of a New Nation

  • Introduction: Revolution and the Founding of a New Nation
  • Faith, Freedom, and Fire: How the Great Awakening Sparked Revolutionary Thinking
  • We Hold These Truths: The Ideas Behind the Declaration of Independence
  • Revolution Goes Global: How America's Rebellion Inspired France and Beyond
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Revolution and the Founding of a New Nation

The U.S. Constitution

  • Introduction: The U.S. Constitution
  • The Roots of American Democracy: Magna Carta to the Mayflower Compact
  • From the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution: What Went Wrong and How They Fixed It
  • The Great Debates: How the Founders Hammered Out the Constitution
  • How Does the Constitution Actually Work? Powers, Federalism, and Checks and Balances
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The U.S. Constitution

Foundations of American Government

  • Introduction: Foundations of American Government
  • From Colonies to States: How Early State Constitutions Shaped American Government
  • Land, Order, and Expansion: The Ordinances of 1785 and 1787
  • One Nation, One Market: How the Constitution United the States Economically
  • Rebellion and Response: How the New Government Handled Resistance at Home
  • Hamilton vs. Jefferson: How Political Disagreement Created America's Two-Party System
  • How Citizens Shape Government: Laws, Elections, Parties, and a Free Press
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Foundations of American Government

Ideals and Life in the Early Republic

  • Introduction: Ideals and Life in the Early Republic
  • Mapping a New Nation: Landscapes, Borders, and Expansion Under the First Four Presidents
  • Words That Shaped a Nation: The Big Speeches of the Early Republic
  • Money, Power, and Conflict: The Rise of American Capitalism
  • What Was Life Really Like? Art, Music, and Culture in Early America
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Ideals and Life in the Early Republic

Foreign Policy in the Early Republic

  • Introduction: Foreign Policy in the Early Republic
  • Treaties and Broken Promises: The U.S. and American Indian Nations
  • Why Did America Go to War in 1812?
  • Drawing New Lines: U.S. Borders, the Monroe Doctrine, and Westward Expansion
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Foreign Policy in the Early Republic

A Changing Nation: The Industrial Northeast

  • Introduction: A Changing Nation: The Industrial Northeast
  • Factories, Cities, and a Transformed Landscape: How Industrialization Reshaped the Northeast
  • New Faces, New Cities: Immigration and the Growth of Urban America
  • Freedom, Community, and Resistance: Black Americans Building Lives in the North
  • Schooling a Nation: From One-Room Schoolhouses to Horace Mann's Public Education Revolution
  • Demanding Equal Rights: The Women's Suffrage Movement and Its Voices
  • Think for Yourself: Transcendentalism, Individualism, and American Art
  • Review and Wrap-Up: A Changing Nation: The Industrial Northeast

A Changing Nation: The Slaveholding South

  • Introduction: A Changing Nation: The Slaveholding South
  • King Cotton: How the South Built an Economy on Slavery and the Soil
  • From Chains to Resistance: The Origins, Growth, and Human Cost of American Slavery
  • Fighting Back and Holding On: Strategies to Overturn and Preserve Slavery
  • Review and Wrap-Up: A Changing Nation: The Slaveholding South

A Changing Nation: Westward Expansion

  • Introduction: A Changing Nation: Westward Expansion
  • Andrew Jackson and the Age of the Common Man
  • Manifest Destiny: Why Americans Pushed West
  • Who Really Paid the Price? Native Americans and the Trail of Tears
  • Women Who Won the West: Pioneer Life and New Freedoms
  • Mexican Settlements and the Road to War
  • Review and Wrap-Up: A Changing Nation: Westward Expansion

Abolition and the Reform Movements

  • Introduction: Abolition and the Reform Movements
  • Voices Against Slavery: The Leaders of the Abolitionist Movement
  • Freedom's First Steps: Early State Constitutions and the Northwest Ordinance
  • Compromise and Conflict: How Slavery Shaped a Growing Nation
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Abolition and the Reform Movements

The Civil War

  • Introduction: The Civil War
  • One Nation, Two Visions: The North, the South, and the Roots of Conflict
  • States' Rights vs. Federal Power: Nullification, Secession, and the Constitutional Crisis
  • Lincoln's Words and What They Meant: From 'House Divided' to a New Birth of Freedom
  • Who Fought and Why: Leaders, Soldiers, and Black Regiments on Both Sides
  • How the War Was Won: Battles, Strategy, Technology, and Appomattox
  • Review and Wrap-Up: The Civil War

Reconstruction

  • Introduction: Reconstruction
  • What Was Reconstruction? Aims, Politics, and Regional Effects
  • Freedom on Paper and in Practice: The Freedmen's Bureau, Jim Crow, and the Reconstruction Amendments
  • Terror and Resistance: The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan
  • Leaving the South: Why Freedpeople Moved North and West
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Reconstruction

Industrialization and the Transformation of America

  • Introduction: Industrialization and the Transformation of America
  • From Farm to Factory: How Geography and Resources Shaped America's Industrial Map
  • Robber Barons or Captains of Industry? The Rise of Big Business in America
  • Inventors Who Changed America: Edison, Bell, and the Wright Brothers
  • Who Paid the Price? Westward Expansion, Federal Indian Policy, and the Cost of Growth
  • New Americans, New Cities: Immigration, Urbanization, and the Nativist Backlash
  • Fighting Back: Farmers, Workers, and the Push for Reform
  • Review and Wrap-Up: Industrialization and the Transformation of America

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